Guides
ProductDeveloperPartnerPersonal

Prerequisites

Table of Contents

Virtual Appliance Requirements

  • Two virtual appliances (VAs) per Umbrella site—VAs must be deployed in pairs to ensure redundancy at the DNS level and to allow for updates without downtime.
  • VA Specifications—At a minimum, each VA requires the following allocated resources:
    • One virtual CPU
    • Minimum 512MB of RAM (1GB RAM recommended)
    • 7GB of disk space.

Each VA is able to process millions of DNS requests per day using these specifications. If you believe your network will exceed this number, see Sizing Guide.

🚧

Important

High-traffic site VAs should use two virtual CPUs and 2048MB of RAM per VA.
A high-traffic site is one that has more than 500 DNS queries per second coming from the overall network.

  • Download a fresh image for each deployment—You need to download a fresh image from Umbrella for each deployment, and when there is a new version.
  • Correct Date/Time—Ensure your hypervisor host has the correct date and time. The incorrect date or time can cause update or sync issues with the VAs. The VA syncs time independently and is always set to UTC by default.

VMware Requirements

  • VMware ESXi (supported versions as per VMware)
    For more information, see VWware documentation.
  • VMware Cloud on AWS

Microsoft Hyper-V Requirements

One of the following Windows Server operating systems:

  • Windows Server 2012, SP1, or R2 (Standard or Datacenter), 2016 or 2019 with Hyper-V role
  • Hyper-V Server 2012, 2012 R2, 2016 or 2019

Note: Deploying the virtual appliance through System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) has not been qualified and is not officially supported.

Cloud Platform Requirements

  • Microsoft Azure
  • Amazon Web Services
  • Google Cloud Platform

KVM Requirements

  • KVM on Ubuntu Linux (supported LTS versions)
  • KVM on Red Hat Linux (supported versions)

Nutanix Requirements

  • Supported version of Nutanix AHV

Networking Requirements

Once VAs are deployed and ready to be utilized, endpoint clients must exclusively resolve DNS through the VAs and not your local DNS forwarders. This is usually accomplished through the network's DHCP configuration. For more information, see Local DNS Forwarding.

The following firewall/ACL requirements ensure VAs can communicate with the Umbrella cloud services and local DNS forwarders/servers. These requirements apply to each platform to which the VA is deployed.

Port and ProtocolSourceDestinationNote
53 TCP + UDPVirtual ApplianceLocal DNS serversStandard DNS traffic for internal domains.
53 TCP + UDP
443 TCP + UDP
5353 TCP + UDP
Virtual ApplianceUmbrella resolvers

Default:
208.67.220.220/32
208.67.222.222/32

If you have configured the VA to use other Umbrella resolvers:

Alternate:
208.67.220.222/32
208.67.222.220/32

IPv6:
2620:119:35::35
2620:119:53::53

US-only:
208.67.221.76/32
208.67.223.76/32

US-only IPv6:
2620:119:17::76
2620:119:76::76
Standard and encrypted DNS queries to Umbrella resolvers.

Port 443 is used as failover if your firewall does not allow DNSCrypt on port 53.

Port 5353 is used as failover if DNSCrypt is not allowed on port 53 and port 443.
443 TCPVirtual Appliance api.opendns.com
(67.215.92.210
146.112.255.152/29)
cisco.com
HTTPS—Used for registration, health checks, and updates from Umbrella.
80 TCPVirtual Appliance ocsp.digicert.com
crl3.digicert.com
* crl4.digicert.com
HTTP—Used for fetching the SSL revocation list to initiate the HTTPS connection.

ocsp.digicert.com, crl3.digicert.com, and crl4.digicert.com resolve to various IP addresses based on CDN and are subject to change. These domains resolve to the following IPs: 

192.229.211.108
192.229.221.95
152.195.38.76
192.16.49.85
443 TCPVirtual Appliancedisthost.umbrella.comUpdates to the VA
22 25 53 80 443 or 4766 TCPVirtual Appliances.tunnels.ironport.comRequired for the customer-initiated SSH support tunnel. For more information, see On-Demand Tech Support SSH Tunnel for Virtual Appliances.
123 UDPVirtual ApplianceNTP servers

Default:
ntp.ubuntu.com
(91.189.94.4/32
91.189.89.199/32
91.189.91.157/32
* 91.189.89.198/32)

If you have configured custom NTP servers on the VA, use those IPs instead.
NTP—Protocol to synchronize time.
443 TCPChromebook clientVirtual Appliance(s)Required for Chromebook client trusted network feature.
443 TCPUmbrella Active Directory ConnectorVirtual Appliance(s)Used to send user/IP mapping (one-way) from the Active Directory (AD) connector to the VA.

SSH Support Tunnel

The tunnel must be established by the customer to the Cisco support team.
For more information, see On-Demand Tech Support SSH Tunnel for Virtual Appliances.

Networking: Additional Considerations

Intrusion Protection Systems (IPS) and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)—If utilizing an IPS or DPI, ensure that traffic on port 53 TCP/UDP to and from the VAs is excluded from packet inspection, as Umbrella's DNS encryption methods might be flagged and dropped. If the VAs cannot successfully send and receive encrypted DNS packets, Umbrella displays a warning in the dashboard.

Network Address Translation (NAT)—If a routing device running a separate NAT is placed between endpoints and VAs, an endpoint's IP address will show as the NAT device's IP address in the dashboard. The endpoints must reach the VAs without being subjected to a separate NAT. If you are unable to remove a routing device with a separate NAT, you may have to run a separate set of VAs within that NAT. If you have any questions regarding this matter, contact Support.

HTTP Proxies / Content Filtering—Most solutions attempting to locally proxy, cache, or filter HTTP/HTTPS traffic between an endpoint and the internet require additional configuration in order to work in unison with VAs. Failure to adjust the configuration of these solutions before employing the VAs may result in the complete ineffectiveness of the VAs and Umbrella. For more information, see Using Umbrella with an HTTP Proxy. Solutions include:

  • Transparent HTTP/HTTPS Proxy
  • Standard/Caching HTTP/HTTPS Proxy
  • Content Filtering via a hardware appliance

DNSCrypt

The VA supports DNSCrypt between itself and the Cisco public DNS resolvers (Umbrella). This means any information contained in the EDNS packets forwarded from the VA are encrypted by DNSCrypt and cannot be intercepted. For optimum protection, this feature is enabled by default.

Unencrypted traffic is considered a problem that should be resolved. When encryption cannot be established between your VA and the Cisco DNS service, your dashboard displays a warning. Encryption is established with a probe sent on port 53 (UDP/TCP) to 208.67.220.220 and 208.67.222.222 and if you have a firewall or IPS/IDS doing deep packet inspection and expecting to see only DNS traffic, the probe may fail. If the probe fails, it is retried on 443 (UDP/TCP) and then on 5353 (UDP). In other words, the encrypted packets may not match the expected traffic on that port. Review your firewall configuration if that is the case and open a case with Support if you believe that you are allowing this traffic.


Introduction < Prerequisites > Deployment Guidelines